页岩油储层基本特征及评价要素

doi:10.7623/syxb201401024

石油学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (1): 184-196.DOI: 10.7623/syxb201401024

页岩油储层基本特征及评价要素

姜在兴¹, 张文昭¹, 梁超¹, 王永诗², 刘惠民², 陈祥³

1. 中国地质大学能源学院北京 100083;
2. 中国石油化工股份有限公司胜利油田分公司地质科学研究院山东东营 257015;
3. 中国石油化工股份有限公司河南油田分公司河南南阳 473132

收稿日期:2013-06-10 修回日期:2013-08-30 出版日期:2014-01-25 发布日期:2013-12-09
通讯作者: 姜在兴，男，1962年3月生，1984年获华东石油学院石油地质学专业学士学位，1997年获中国科学院研究生院沉积学专业博士学位，现为中国地质大学（北京）能源学院教授，主要从事沉积学、层序地层学的教学和科研工作。Email：jiangzx@cugb.edu.cn
作者简介:姜在兴，男，1962年3月生，1984年获华东石油学院石油地质学专业学士学位，1997年获中国科学院研究生院沉积学专业博士学位，现为中国地质大学（北京）能源学院教授，主要从事沉积学、层序地层学的教学和科研工作。Email：jiangzx@cugb.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重大科技专项（2011ZX05009-002）资助。第一作者及

Characteristics and evaluation elements of shale oil reservoir

Jiang Zaixing¹, Zhang Wenzhao¹, Liang Chao¹, Wang Yongshi², Liu Huimin², Chen Xiang³

1. College of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China;
2. Research Institute of Geological Sciences, Sinopec Shengli Oilfield Company, Dongying 257015, China;
3. Sinopec Henan Oilfield Company, Nanyang 473132, China

Received:2013-06-10 Revised:2013-08-30 Online:2014-01-25 Published:2013-12-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 页岩油是指以游离、溶解或吸附状态赋存于有效烃源岩泥页岩中的液态烃类，是泥页岩生排烃后的残余滞留聚集，基本未经历运移或仅在源岩内短距离初次运移。目前，国内外对"页岩油"概念的界定不统一，对储层控制因素及评价要素的研究仍相对薄弱。明确了页岩油储层为泥页岩，不包括烃源岩内的其他岩类夹层及邻层，并依据储集机理差异将页岩油储层分为裂缝型和基质型。富含有机质、以Ⅰ型和Ⅱ₁型干酪根为主、R_o值介于0.6% ~1.2% 、有机碳（TOC）值大于2.0% ，矿物组成复杂、发育纹层结构，储集空间细小，低孔特低渗、储层需要改造是页岩油储层的基本特点。重点揭示了有机质在页岩油储层形成及评价中的重要作用，有机质含量影响页岩的生油潜力、储集能力并进而决定了页岩储层的含油量及产能，提出一套以有机碳含量为核心的储层分级评价标准，以TOC为2% 、4% 为界，同时综合考虑有机质类型及成熟度、富有机质页岩厚度、矿物组成及岩石类型、孔渗特征及岩石可压裂性等指标，将页岩油储层分为3级：Ⅰ类目标储层、Ⅱ类有利储层及Ⅲ类无效储层。

关键词: 页岩油, 致密油, 储层特征, 评价要素及标准, 有机质含量

Abstract: Shale oil are residual liquid hydrocarbons retained and accumulated in effective source rocks in a free, dissolved, or adsorbed state post generation and expulsion, which have not undergone migration or only migrated in source rocks for a short distance. Presently, there is no consensus on the definition of shale oil and research is lacking on the controlling factors and evaluation elements of shale oil reservoir. This study clarifies that shale oil reservoir mainly consists of shale and mudstone, excluding the interlayers or adjacent layers of other lithofacies in source rocks. According to the difference in reservoir mechanism, shale oil reservoir is classified into fracture-and matrix-type. The basic characteristics of shale oil reservoir are as follows: rich in organic matter and dominated by type I and Ⅱ kerogens (R_o = 0.6% ~1.2% and total organic carbon, TOC >2.0% ); complex mineral composition and laminated structure; micro to nano-scale reservoir space and low porosity -super-low permeability, with the need for reservoir improvement. The importance of organic matter to the formation and evaluation of shale oil reservoir is emphasized. That is, the content of organic matter determines the oil generation potential and reservoir capacity of shale, further controlling the reserves and productivity of shale oil reservoir. A set of reservoir evaluation criteria are put forward by focusing on the TOC content of source rocks (threshold values 2% and 4% ) and taking into consideration a variety of indicators (e.g., type and maturity of organic matter, thickness of organic-rich shale, mineral composition and rock types, porosity and permeability, and shale fracturability). According to the proposed evaluation criteria, shale oil reservoir is ranked into three grades, including type I, target reservoir; type Ⅱ, favorable reservoir; and type Ⅲ, invalid reservoir.

Key words: shale oil, tight oil, reservoir characteristics, evaluation elements, evaluation criteria, organic matter content

中图分类号:

TE112.221

姜在兴, 张文昭, 梁超, 王永诗, 刘惠民, 陈祥. 页岩油储层基本特征及评价要素[J]. 石油学报, 2014, 35(1): 184-196.

Jiang Zaixing, Zhang Wenzhao, Liang Chao, Wang Yongshi, Liu Huimin, Chen Xiang. Characteristics and evaluation elements of shale oil reservoir[J]. ACTA PETROLEI SINICA, 2014, 35(1): 184-196.

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页岩油储层基本特征及评价要素

Characteristics and evaluation elements of shale oil reservoir

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