煤层气井产出水演化路径及产量判识意义——以黔西地区织金区块为例

doi:10.7623/syxb202403003

石油学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 517-530.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202403003

煤层气井产出水演化路径及产量判识意义——以黔西地区织金区块为例

郭晨^1,2,3, 李瑞腾¹, 秦勇⁴, 卢玲玲^5,6, 易同生⁷, 陈贞龙⁸, 袁航⁸, 高为⁹, 程曦¹

1. 西安科技大学地质与环境学院陕西西安 710054;
2. 陕西省煤炭绿色开发地质保障重点实验室陕西西安 710054;
3. 西安科技大学煤炭绿色开采地质研究院陕西西安 710054;
4. 中国矿业大学煤层气资源与成藏过程教育部重点实验室江苏徐州 221116;
5. 西北大学地质学系陕西西安 710069;
6. 中国煤炭地质总局航测遥感局陕西西安 710199;
7. 贵州省煤田地质局贵州贵阳 550008;
8. 中国石油化工股份有限公司华东油气分公司江苏南京 210011;
9. 贵州省煤层气页岩气工程技术研究中心贵州贵阳 550008

收稿日期:2023-07-06 修回日期:2023-10-10 出版日期:2024-03-25 发布日期:2024-04-10
通讯作者: 郭晨,男,1988年7月生,2015年获中国矿业大学博士学位,现为西安科技大学地质与环境学院副教授,主要从事煤及非常规天然气地质教学与研究工作。Email:makaay_@126.com
作者简介:郭晨,男,1988年7月生,2015年获中国矿业大学博士学位,现为西安科技大学地质与环境学院副教授,主要从事煤及非常规天然气地质教学与研究工作。Email:makaay_@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(No.42002195,No.42130802)、贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合战略找矿[2022]ZD001-1)、贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合平台人才CXTD[2022]016)和陕西省重点研发计划项目(2022GD-TSLD-64)资助。

Evolution path of water produced from coalbed methane wells and its significance in judging productivity:a case study of Zhijin block in western Guizhou Province

Guo Chen^1,2,3, Li Ruiteng¹, Qin Yong⁴, Lu Lingling^5,6, Yi Tongsheng⁷, Chen Zhenlong⁸, Yuan Hang⁸, Gao Wei⁹, Cheng Xi¹

1. College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Shaanxi Xi'an 710054, China;
2. Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Geological Support for Coal Green Exploitation, Shaanxi Xi'an 710054, China;
3. Geological Research Institute for Coal Green Mining, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Shaanxi Xi'an 710054, China;
4. Key Laboratory of CBM Resources and Reservoir Formation Process, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Jiangsu Xuzhou 221116, China;
5. Department of Geology, Northwest University, Shaanxi Xi'an 710069, China;
6. Aerophoto Grammetry and Remote Sensing Bureau, China National Administration of Coal Geology, Shaanxi Xi'an 710199, China;
7. Guizhou Bureau of Coal Geological Exploration, Guizhou Guiyang 550008, China;
8. Sinopec East China Oil&Gas Company, Jiangsu Nanjing 210011, China;
9. Guizhou Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Coalbed Methane and Shale Gas, Guizhou Guiyang 550008, China

Received:2023-07-06 Revised:2023-10-10 Online:2024-03-25 Published:2024-04-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 煤层气井的产出水蕴含着重要的地质与产能信息,揭示产出水的地球化学特征与主控因素,阐明产出水的演化路径及其与产能的内在关系,有助于理解产能的非均质性并为开发方案优化提供依据。近年来,黔西地区织金区块煤层气的勘探开发取得重要突破,这为中国南方多层、薄层状煤层条件下煤层气的开发提供了技术示范,但仍然存在产出水质变化大、产能不确定性高、控产因素不明等问题。通过采集黔西地区织金区块上二叠统长兴组-龙潭组煤层气井的产出水样并开展水文地球化学测试,探讨了水化学特征、演化路径及其产量判识意义。产出水质包括Na-HCO₃型与Na-Cl型,前者的总固溶体(TDS)含量为944~2 681 mg/L,后者的TDS含量为3 603~8 800 mg/L。以TDS含量为刻度,水样的5个聚类(聚类1-聚类5)代表地下水的滞留程度依次增高。脱硫酸作用、阳离子交换吸附作用、浓缩作用是控制产出水化学特征与演化的主要因素。产出水的水质变化先后经历了氧化条件下补给作用主导的低TDS含量(＜200 mg/L) Ca-SO₄型水质、还原条件下脱硫酸作用与阳离子交换吸附作用主导的中等TDS含量(900~3 000 mg/L) Na-HCO₃型水质、高度滞留条件下浓缩作用主导的高TDS含量(3 500~9 000 mg/L) Na-Cl型水质。产出水的演化可分为还原阶段和封闭阶段,处于封闭阶段的产出水(TDS＞3 000 mg/L)对应高产井。提取煤层气产量判识的关键水化学指标及其临界值,通过分析TDS含量和Cl^-、Na⁺、Sr²⁺等特征离子浓度可更有效地判识高产井;借助脱硫系数可更有效地判识低产井。黔西地区织金区块煤层气井的选址应避开地下水径流强烈地带,布设在具有高TDS含量、高Cl^-含量、低SO₄^2-含量的滞留区,珠藏次向斜轴部为布设煤层气井的有利区。水动力干扰及其诱发的低效降压仍是制约直井/定向井多层合采产能效率的重要因素。研究成果可为织金区块煤层气的高效开发与产出水的处理提供依据。

关键词: 产出水, 水化学演化, 黔西地区, 煤层气合采, 流体干扰

Abstract: The water produced from coalbed methane (CBM)wells contains rich information on geology and productivity, which can reveal the geochemical characteristics and main controlling factors of produced water and make clear the evolution path of produced water and its inherent link with production capacity, thus helping understand the heterogeneity of production capacity and provide a basis for the optimization of development programs. In recent years, significant breakthroughs have been made in the CBM exploration and development in Zhijin block of western Guizhou Province, providing a technical demonstration for the CBM development multiple thin coal seams in South China. However, there are still a number of problems, including great variability in produced water quality, high uncertainty in production capacity, and unclear control factors for gas production. In this study, hydrogeochemical tests were performed on the water produced from CBM in Zhijin block of western Guizhou Province, which aims to explore the hydrochemical characteristics, evolution path and its significance in judging productivity. The quality of the produced water can be divided into Na-HCO₃ and Na-Cl types; the total dissolved solid (TDS)of the former ranges from 944 mg/L to 2 681 mg/L, and that of the latter ranges from 3 603 mg/L to 8 800 mg/L. According to the scale of TDS, the five clusters of samples show the successively increasing degree of groundwater retention. Desulphidation, cation exchange adsorption, and concentrating action are the main factors controlling the hydrochemical characteristics and evolution of produced water. The produced water is of Ca-SO₄ type with low TDS (<200 mg/L)under oxidation conditions, Na-HCO₃ type with medium TDS (900-3 000 mg/L)dominated by desulphidation and cation exchange adsorption under reduction conditions, and Na-Cl type with high TDS (3 500-9 000 mg/L)dominated by concentrating action under high retention rate. The evolution process of produced water can be divided into reduction stage and retention stage, and the produced water (TDS>3 000 mg/L)in the retention stage corresponds to high-yield wells. High-yield wells can be effectively identified by extracting key hydrochemical indicators and their critical values for identification of CBM production capacity, and analyzing the concentrations of characteristic ions such as Cl^-, Na⁺ and Sr²⁺; the desulphidation coefficient γSO₄^2-/γCl^- can be used to effectively identify low-yield wells. The CBM wells in Zhijin block of western Guizhou Province should be located in groundwater retention areas with high TDS, high Cl^- and low SO₄^2-, instead of strong groundwater runoff zones. The axial part of Zhucang sub-syncline is a favorable area for deployment of CBM wells. Hydrodynamic interference and its resulted low pressure reduction efficiency are still the key factors restricting the multi-seam co-production capacity of vertical and directional wells. In conclusion, these findings can serve as a foundation for the efficient CBM development and produced water treatment in Zhijin block.

Key words: produced water, water chemical evolution, western Guizhou, coalbed methane co-production, fluid interference

中图分类号:

TE133

郭晨, 李瑞腾, 秦勇, 卢玲玲, 易同生, 陈贞龙, 袁航, 高为, 程曦. 煤层气井产出水演化路径及产量判识意义——以黔西地区织金区块为例[J]. 石油学报, 2024, 45(3): 517-530.

Guo Chen, Li Ruiteng, Qin Yong, Lu Lingling, Yi Tongsheng, Chen Zhenlong, Yuan Hang, Gao Wei, Cheng Xi. Evolution path of water produced from coalbed methane wells and its significance in judging productivity:a case study of Zhijin block in western Guizhou Province[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2024, 45(3): 517-530.

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煤层气井产出水演化路径及产量判识意义——以黔西地区织金区块为例

Evolution path of water produced from coalbed methane wells and its significance in judging productivity:a case study of Zhijin block in western Guizhou Province

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