全球古老油气成藏组合资源潜力、重大发现及启示

doi:10.7623/syxb202408001

石油学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (8): 1163-1173.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202408001

• 地质勘探 •

全球古老油气成藏组合资源潜力、重大发现及启示

窦立荣^1,2, 温志新¹, 王兆明¹, 贺正军¹, 陈瑞银¹, 宋成鹏¹, 刘小兵¹

1. 中国石油勘探开发研究院北京 100083;
2. 中国石油国际勘探开发有限公司北京 100034

收稿日期:2023-12-29 修回日期:2024-05-10 发布日期:2024-09-04
通讯作者: 王兆明，男，1975年10月生，2007年获中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所博士学位，现为中国石油勘探开发研究院企业高级技术专家、高级工程师，主要从事全球重点领域超前选区与勘探资产评价。Email:wangzhaoming@petrochina.com.cn
作者简介:窦立荣，男，1965年8月生，2004年获中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所博士学位，现为中国石油勘探开发研究院教授级高级工程师，主要从事全球油气资源评价与海外重点领域油气勘探关键技术研究。Email:dlirong@petrochina.com.cn
基金资助:
中国石油天然气股份有限公司科技重大专项“海外油气地质新理论资源评价新技术与超前选区研究”(2023ZZ07)资助。

Resource potential, giant discoveries, and implications of ancient hydrocarbon plays worldwide

Dou Lirong^1,2, Wen Zhixin¹, Wang Zhaoming¹, He Zhengjun¹, Chen Ruiyin¹, Song Chengpeng¹, Liu Xiaobing¹

1. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China;
2. China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Developmen Company Ltd., Beijing 100034, China

Received:2023-12-29 Revised:2024-05-10 Published:2024-09-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 全球已证实存在6套优质烃源岩,发育于前中生界的3套烃源岩构成了古老油气成藏组合的主要烃源岩。已发现的前中生界古老油气成藏组合有5个特点:①盆地类型以前陆盆地、被动陆缘盆地、克拉通盆地为主;②油气资源类型以常规油气为主,页岩油气发展迅速;③油气主要富集于二叠系、泥盆系、石炭系和奥陶系;④储层岩性主要为灰岩、砂岩、页岩和白云岩;⑤埋深以中—浅层为主,深层勘探潜力大。古老油气成藏组合的重大发现也具有在克拉通周缘、碳酸盐岩储层、页岩油气层系和基岩潜山4个领域富集的特征。通过对重点领域的重大发现解剖,指出长期处于低纬度热带辐合带的克拉通周缘易于形成优质生-储-盖组合;全球重大事件对烃源岩发育和页岩油气富集起着重要控制作用,可在全球重大事件时序框架下,通过重建成藏要素古位置超前优选潜在成藏组合。根据已发现油气可采储量和待发现油气资源自主评价结果,明确了常规油气资源应重点关注阿拉伯盆地、扎格罗斯盆地、塔里木盆地等;基岩潜山/残留层系也是值得重点关注的勘探领域;页岩油气应重点关注俄罗斯蒂曼—伯朝拉盆地和伏尔加—乌拉尔盆地泥盆系多玛尼克组页岩、中东地区阿拉伯盆地志留系热页岩、北非地区古达米斯盆地志留系和泥盆系、中国四川盆地和准噶尔盆地的页岩层系等领域。

关键词: 古老油气成藏组合, 克拉通周缘, 碳酸盐岩, 页岩油气, 基岩潜山, 勘探领域

Abstract: Six sets of high-quality source rocks have been identified globally, with three of them in the pre-Mesozoic strata serving as the primary source rocks for ancient oil and gas reservoirs. Ancient oil and gas reservoirs from the pre-Mesozoic strata exhibit five key characteristics. (1) The predominant basin types include foreland, passive continental margin, and cratonic basins. (2) Their primary type of oil and gas resources remains conventional, although shale oil and gas is developing rapidly. (3) Their oil and gas accumulations are primarily concentrated in the Permian, Devonian, Carboniferous, and Ordovician. (4) Their reservoir lithology is primarily composed of limestones, sandstones, shales, and dolomites. (5) Their burial depth is predominantly within the middle to shallow layers, indicating significant potential for deep plays. The substantial discoveries of ancient oil and gas plays demonstrate enrichment in four fields: the periphery of cratons, carbonate reservoirs, shale oil and shale gas reservoirs, and basement reservoirs. After analyzing the major discoveries in key areas, it is revealed that high-quality source-reservoir-seal combinations form readily in the peripheral regions of cratons that were historically located within low-latitude intertropical convergence zones. Global significant events have played a crucial role in shaping the development of source rocks and the enrichment of shale oil and gas. Within the temporal framework of these significant global events, potential plays can be optimized in advance by reconstructing the paleo-positions of accumulation elements. Based on independent evaluations of recoverable oil and gas reserves and yet-to-be-discovered resources, it is evident that conventional oil and gas exploration should focus on the Arabian Basin, Zagros Basin, Tarim Basin, and other basins. Basement rocks and residual strata are also important potential exploration areas. For shale oil and shale gas exploration, the focus should be on the Devonian Domanik shale in the Timan-Pechora and the Volga-Ural basins in Russia, the Silurian hot shale in the Arabian Basin in the Middle East, the Silurian and Devonian plays in the Ghadames Basin in the North Africa, and several sets of shales in the Sichuan and Junggar basins in China.

Key words: ancient hydrocarbon plays, cratonic margins, carbonate rock, shale oil and shale gas, basement burial-hill, exploration field

中图分类号:

TE132.1

窦立荣, 温志新, 王兆明, 贺正军, 陈瑞银, 宋成鹏, 刘小兵. 全球古老油气成藏组合资源潜力、重大发现及启示[J]. 石油学报, 2024, 45(8): 1163-1173.

Dou Lirong, Wen Zhixin, Wang Zhaoming, He Zhengjun, Chen Ruiyin, Song Chengpeng, Liu Xiaobing. Resource potential, giant discoveries, and implications of ancient hydrocarbon plays worldwide[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2024, 45(8): 1163-1173.

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全球古老油气成藏组合资源潜力、重大发现及启示

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