中国致密砂岩大气田成藏机理与主控因素——以鄂尔多斯盆地和四川盆地为例

doi:10.7623/syxb2013S1002

石油学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (增刊一): 14-28.DOI: 10.7623/syxb2013S1002

中国致密砂岩大气田成藏机理与主控因素——以鄂尔多斯盆地和四川盆地为例

李剑, 魏国齐, 谢增业, 刘锐娥, 郝爱胜

中国石油勘探开发研究院廊坊分院中国石油天然气集团公司天然气成藏与开发重点实验室河北廊坊 065007

收稿日期:2013-06-28 修回日期:2013-07-22 出版日期:2013-09-25 发布日期:2013-09-15
通讯作者: 李剑
作者简介:李剑,男,1966年9月生,1989年毕业于河北师范大学,1999年获中国地质大学(北京)矿产普查与勘探专业博士学位,现为中国石油勘探开发研究院廊坊分院天然气地质研究所所长、教授级高级工程师,主要从事油气地球化学与成藏综合研究。Email:lijian69@petrochina.com.cn
基金资助:
国家重大科技专项(2011ZX05007-002)资助

Accumulation mechanism and main controlling factors of large tight sandstone gas fields in China:cases study on Ordos Basin and Sichuan Basin

LI Jian, WEI Guoqi, XIE Zengye, LIU Rui'e, HAO Aisheng

Langfang Branch, PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development; CNPC Key Laboratory of Gas Reservoir Formation and Development, Langfang 065007, China

Received:2013-06-28 Revised:2013-07-22 Online:2013-09-25 Published:2013-09-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

致密砂岩气是全球非常规天然气勘探的重要领域,中国致密砂岩气资源丰富。截至2011年底,已探明16个致密砂岩大气田,探明储量占全国大气田总探明储量的49.5% ,已成为近些年中国天然气储产量增长的主体。致密砂岩大气田分布在鄂尔多斯、四川和塔里木盆地,储层时代为石炭纪、二叠纪、三叠纪、侏罗纪、白垩纪和古近纪,气藏的圈闭类型主要包括岩性、构造和岩性-构造或构造-岩性复合等类型,储层平均有效厚度主要分布于5~20 m,平均有效孔隙度主要分布在5% ~12% ,平均渗透率主要为0.12~1.40 mD,以低储量丰度为主,压力系数变化大,平均含气饱和度50% ~70% ,甲烷含量主要为80% ~97% ;发育源-储大面积交互或紧邻叠置、孔-缝网状输导的成藏地质条件。典型地质解剖与模拟实验结果表明,致密砂岩气的运移充注动力主要来源于源岩的生烃超压,运移方式主要为低速非达西渗流和扩散作用,聚集方式主要表现为"动力圈闭"。致密砂岩大气田表现为准连续充注、一期成藏,具有近源高效聚集的特征,运聚系数可达3.0% ~5.2%。这种高效聚集使得大面积致密砂岩在烃源岩生气强度为10×10⁸m³/km²的区域可以形成大气田,突破了大气田形成于生气强度大于20×10⁸m³/km²的认识。致密砂岩大气田的成藏富集主要受四大因素控制,即:构造控制天然气的运移方向与富集程度,储层控制气藏的规模,有效烃源控制气藏的充满度,裂缝控制富集与高产。

关键词: 致密砂岩气, 大气田, 动力圈闭, 成藏机理, 主控因素, 四川盆地, 鄂尔多斯盆地

Abstract:

Tight sandstone gas(TSG) is the important exploration field of unconventional natural gas in the world. TSG is abundant in China. Sixteen large tight sandstone gas fields (TSGFs) have been discovered by the end of 2011, proved reserves of which account for half of total proved reserves of large gas field. TSG contributes greatly to the reserves and production growth. Large TSGFs distribute in Ordos Basin, Sichuan Basin and Tarim Basin, and have the following common geological characteristics:tight gas reservoir mainly locates in Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous and Tertiary; trap type mainly includes lithologic, structural, lithologic-structural or structural-lithologic trap; average effective thickness of reservoir is about 5-20 m; average effective porosity is about 5%-12% ; average permeability is 0.12-1.40 mD; reserves abundance of these large TSGFs is low; pressure coefficient varies greatly; average gas saturation is about 50%-70% ; methane content is about 80% -97% . These large gas fields develop wide-spread interactively or closely overlying source and reservoir rock; natural gas mainly transported through net system of pores and fractures. The results of typical geological dissection and simulation experiment show that TSG migrates in the form of non-Darcy flow and diffusion, driven by overpressure derived from source rock and accumulated in the form of dynamic trap. These large TSGFs are mainly quasi-continuously accumulated during one period. and have characteristics of near-source and highly efficient accumulation. Migration and accumulation ratio of these fields could be as high as 3.0%-5.2%. Large TSGFs could form in the area where gas generation intensity is higher than 10×10⁸m³/km² due to high migration and accumulation ratio, which has made a break though in understanding that large TSGFs could form only in area where gas generation intensity is higher than 20×10⁸m³/km². Accumulation and concentration of TSG are mainly controlled by four factors:structure controls migration direction and concentration degree of natural gas, reservoir rock controls scale of gas reservoir, effective source rock controls enrichment of gas reservoir, and fracture controls high production of TSG.

Key words: tight sandstone gas, large gas field, dynamic trap, accumulation mechanism, main controlling factor, Sichuan Basin, Ordos Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.1

李剑, 魏国齐, 谢增业, 刘锐娥, 郝爱胜. 中国致密砂岩大气田成藏机理与主控因素——以鄂尔多斯盆地和四川盆地为例[J]. 石油学报, 2013, 34(增刊一): 14-28.

LI Jian, WEI Guoqi, XIE Zengye, LIU Rui'e, HAO Aisheng. Accumulation mechanism and main controlling factors of large tight sandstone gas fields in China:cases study on Ordos Basin and Sichuan Basin[J]. Editorial office of ACTA PETROLEI SINICA, 2013, 34(增刊一): 14-28.

参考文献

[1] 国家能源局.SY/T 6832-2011 致密砂岩气地质评价方法[S].北京:石油工业出版社,2011. National Energy Administration.SY/T 6832-2011 Geological evaluating methods for tight sandstone gas[S].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011.
[2] 马新华,贾爱林,谭健,等.中国致密砂岩气开发工程技术与实践[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(5):572-578. Ma Xinhua,Jia Ailin,Tan Jian,et al.Tight sand gas development technologies and practices in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(5):572-578.
[3] British Petroleum Company.BP statistical review of world energy 2012[R].London:British Petroleum Company,2012.
[4] 戴金星,倪云燕,吴小奇.中国致密砂岩气及在勘探开发上的重要意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(3):257-264. Dai Jinxing,Ni Yunyan,Wu Xiaoqi.Tight gas in China and its significance in exploration and exploitation[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(3):257-264.
[5] 童晓光,郭彬程,李建忠,等.中美致密砂岩气成藏分布异同点比较研究与意义[J].中国工程科学,2012,14(6):9-15. Tong Xiaoguang,Guo Bincheng,Li Jianzhong,et al.Comparison study on accumulation & distribution of tight sandstone gas between China and the United States and its significance[J].Engineering Sciences,2012,14(6):9-15.
[6] 李建忠,郭彬程,郑民,等.中国致密砂岩气主要类型、地质特征与资源潜力[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(4):607-614. Li Jianzhong,Guo Bincheng,Zheng Min,et al.Main types,geological features and resource potential of tight sandstone gas in China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2012,23(4):607-614.
[7] 贾承造,郑民,张永峰.中国非常规油气资源与勘探开发前景[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(2):129-136. Jia Chengzao,Zheng Min,Zhang Yongfeng.Unconventional hydrocarbon resources in China and the prospect of exploration and development[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(2):129-136.
[8] 康竹林,傅诚德,崔淑芬,等.中国大中型气田概论[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000. Kang Zhulin,Fu Chengde,Cui Shufen,et al.An introduction to China's large and medium gas fields[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2000.
[9] 国家能源局.SY/T 6168-2009 气藏分类[S].北京:石油工业出版社,2009. National Energy Administration.SY/T 6168-2009 The classification of gas pool[S].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2009.
[10] 李剑,罗霞,单秀琴,等.鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界天然气成藏特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(4):54-59. Li Jian,Luo Xia,Shan Xiuqin,et al.Natural gas accumulation in the Upper Paleozoic of Ordos Basin,China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2005,32(4):54-59.
[11] 郝国丽,柳广弟,谢增业,等.川中-川南地区上三叠统须家河组气藏异常压力分布及成因[J].世界地质,2010,29(2):298-304. Hao Guoli,Liu Guangdi,Xie Zengye,et al.Distribution and origin of abnormal pressure in Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation reservoir in central and southern Sichuan[J].Global Geology,2010,29(2):298-304.
[12] 马德文,邱楠生,谢增业,等.川中地区上三叠统须家河组气田异常高压演化研究[J].沉积学报,2011,29(5):953-961. Ma Dewen,Qiu Nansheng,Xie Zengye,et al.Analysis on evolution of abnormal high formation pressure in gas fields of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation,central Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2011,29(5):953-961.
[13] 张凤奇,王震亮,赵雪娇,等.库车坳陷迪那2气田异常高压成因机制及其与油气成藏的关系[J].石油学报,2012,33(5):739-747. Zhang Fengqi,Wang Zhenliang,Zhao Xuejiao,et al.Genetic mechanism of overpressure and its relationship with hydrocarbon accumulation in Dina-2 gasfield,Kuqa depression[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(5):739-747.
[14] 何自新,付金华,席胜利,等.苏里格大气田成藏地质特征[J].石油学报,2003,24(2):6-12. He Zixin,Fu Jinhua,Xi Shengli,et al.Geological features of reservoir formation of Sulige gas field[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2003,24(2):6-12.
[15] 付金华,魏新善,黄道钧.鄂尔多斯大型含煤盆地岩性气藏成藏规律与勘探技术[J].石油天然气学报:江汉石油学院学报,2005,27(1):137-141. Fu Jinhua,Wei Xinshan,Huang Daojun.Law of reservoir formulation and exploration techniques of natural gas lithologic reservoir in Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology:Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Inistitute,2005,27(1):137-141.
[16] 杨华,付金华,刘新社,等.鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界致密气成藏条件与勘探开发[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(3):295-303. Yang Hua,Fu Jinhua,Liu Xinshe,et al.Accumulation conditions and exploration and development of tight gas in the Upper Paleozoic of the Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(3):295-303.
[17] 赵文智,王红军,徐春春,等.川中地区须家河组天然气藏大范围成藏机理与富集条件[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(2):146-157. Zhao Wenzhi,Wang Hongjun,Xu Chunchun,et al.Reservoir-forming mechanism and enrichment conditions of the extensive Xujiahe Formation gas reservoirs,central Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(2):146-157.
[18] 魏国齐,李剑,张水昌,等.中国天然气基础地质理论问题研究新进展[J].天然气工业,2012,32(3):6-13. Wei Guoqi,Li Jian,Zhang Shuichang,et al.New progress in the studies on basic geological theories of natural gas in China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(3):6-13.
[19] Swarbrick R E,Osborne M J.Mechanisms that generate abnormal pressure:an overviews[G]//Law B E,Ulmishek G E,Slavin V I.Abnormal pressures in hydrocarbon environments.AAPG Memoir 70,1998:13-34.
[20] 李明诚,李剑."动力圈闭"——低渗透致密储层中油气充注成藏的主要作用[J].石油学报,2010,31(5):718-721. Li Mingcheng,Li Jian."Dynamic trap":a main action of hydrocarbon charging to form accumulations in low permeability-tight reservoir[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(5):718-721.
[21] 胡朝元,钱凯,王秀芹,等.鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界多藏大气田形成的关键因素及气藏性质的嬗变[J].石油学报,2010,31(6):879-884. Hu Chaoyuan,Qian Kai,Wang Xiuqin,et al.Critical factors for the formation of an Upper Paleozoic giant gas field with multiple gas reservoirs in Ordos Basin and the transmutation of gas reservoir properties[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(6):879-884.
[22] 赵靖舟,付金华,姚泾利,等.鄂尔多斯盆地准连续型致密砂岩大气田成藏模式[J].石油学报,2012,33(S1):37-48. Zhao Jingzhou,Fu Jinhua,Yao Jingli,et al.Quasi-continuous accumulation model of large tight sandstone gas field in Ordos Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(S1):37-48.
[23] 曹锋,邹才能,付金华,等.鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格大气区天然气近源运聚的证据剖析[J].岩石学报,2011,26(5):858-867. Cao Feng,Zou Caineng,Fu Jinhua,et al.Evidence analysis of natural gas near-source migration-accumulation model in the Sulige large gas province,Ordos Basin,China[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,26(5):858-867.
[24] 李贤庆,李剑,王康东,等.苏里格低渗砂岩大气田天然气充注运移及成藏特征[J].地质科技情报,2012,31(3):55-62. Li Xianqing,Li Jian,Wang Kangdong,et al.Charging,migration and accumulation characteristics of natural gas in the Sulige low permeability sandstone large gas field[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2012,31(3):55-62.
[25] 罗文军,李延钧,李其荣,等.致密砂岩气藏高渗透带与古构造关系探讨——以川中川南过渡带内江-大足地区上三叠统须二段致密砂岩气藏为例[J].天然气地球科学,2008,19(1):70-74. Luo Wenjun,Li Yanjun,Li Qirong,et al.Relationship between high permeability zones and palaeostructures in tight gas reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2008,19(1):70-74.
[26] 曹烈,安凤山,王信.川西坳陷须家河组气藏与古构造关系[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(2):224-229. Cao Lie,An Fengshan,Wang Xin.Relationship between palaeostructure and gas reservoirs in Xujiahe Formation in western Sichuan depression[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2005,26(2):224-229.
[27] 李宗银,李耀华,王翎入.川中-川西地区上三叠统天然气成藏主控因素[J].天然气勘探与开发,2005,28(1):5-7. Li Zongyin,Li Yaohua,Wang Lingru.Main controlling factors of Upper Triassic gas accumulating in central-west Sichuan region[J].Natural Gas Exploration & Development,2005,28(1):5-7.
[28] 魏国齐,杨威,金惠,等.四川盆地上三叠统有利储层展布与勘探方向[J].天然气工业,2010,30(1):11-14. Wei Guoqi,Yang Wei,Jin Hui,et al.Distribution of favorable reservoirs and exploration targets in the Upper Triassic of the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2010,30(1):11-14.
[29] 刘新社.鄂尔多斯盆地东部上古生界岩性气藏形成机理[D].西安:西北大学,2008. Liu Xinshe.The accumulation mechanism of lithologic gas reservoir of the Upper Paleozoic in eastern Ordos Basin[D].Xi'an:Northwest University,2008.
[30] 杜金虎,徐春春,魏国齐,等.四川盆地须家河组岩性大气区勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011. Du Jinhu,Xu Chunchun,Wei Guoqi,et al.Large lithologic gas provinces exploration of Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan Basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011.

中国致密砂岩大气田成藏机理与主控因素——以鄂尔多斯盆地和四川盆地为例

Accumulation mechanism and main controlling factors of large tight sandstone gas fields in China:cases study on Ordos Basin and Sichuan Basin

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	宋金民, 江青春, 刘树根, 金鑫, 范建平, 李智武, 黄士鹏, 苏旺, 杨迪, 姜华, 叶玥豪, 王佳蕊, 王俊轲, 任杉. 四川盆地中二叠统茅口组一段含海泡石层系古环境与沉积格局指示意义[J]. 石油学报, 2024, 45(6): 914-931.
[2]	侯连华, 米敬奎, 罗霞, 于志超, 林森虎, 廖凤荣, 庞正炼, 赵忠英. 压力对页岩原位加热产出油气特征的影响——以鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组7段3亚段页岩为例[J]. 石油学报, 2024, 45(4): 629-641.
[3]	鲁雪松, 桂丽黎, 汪泽成, 柳少波, 刘强, 范俊佳, 陈玮岩, 马行陟, 姜华, 付小东, 李文正, 钟源, 李堃宇, 谢武仁. 四川盆地中部走滑断裂活动时间与控藏作用——来自断裂带胶结物U-Pb定年和流体包裹体的证据[J]. 石油学报, 2024, 45(4): 642-658.
[4]	何永宏, 李桢, 樊建明, 张超, 张旭泽, 马兵. 鄂尔多斯盆地页岩油开发井网优化技术及实践——以庆城油田为例[J]. 石油学报, 2024, 45(4): 683-697.
[5]	惠沙沙, 庞雄奇, 谌卓恒, 王琛茜, 施砍园, 胡涛, 胡耀, 李敏, 梅术星, 黎茂稳. 四川盆地海相页岩孔隙类型对孔隙空间贡献定量表征[J]. 石油学报, 2024, 45(3): 531-547.
[6]	席胜利, 闫伟, 刘新社, 张才利, 殷亮亮, 董国栋, 井向辉, 魏柳斌. 鄂尔多斯盆地天然气勘探新领域、新类型及资源潜力[J]. 石油学报, 2024, 45(1): 33-51,132.
[7]	刘可禹, 刘建良. 盆地沉积充填演化与含油气系统耦合模拟方法在超深层油气成藏模拟中的应用——以四川盆地中部震旦系灯影组为例[J]. 石油学报, 2023, 44(9): 1445-1458.
[8]	武瑾, 李海, 杨学锋, 赵圣贤, 郭伟, 孙玉平, 刘永, 刘兆龙. 深层海相页岩纹层类型、组合及其对储层品质的影响——以四川盆地南部泸州区块龙马溪组一段一亚段为例[J]. 石油学报, 2023, 44(9): 1517-1531.
[9]	牛小兵, 赵伟波, 史云鹤, 胡新友, 杜小伟. 鄂尔多斯盆地本溪组天然气成藏条件及勘探潜力[J]. 石油学报, 2023, 44(8): 1240-1257.
[10]	夏钦禹, 马新华, 郭振华, 李文, 江林, 张林, 李新豫, 刘曦翔, 罗瑞兰, 闫海军, 刘钰洋, 阳成. 川中高石梯区块灯影组四段古岩溶带及内部储层分布特征[J]. 石油学报, 2023, 44(8): 1299-1312,1332.
[11]	杨雨, 谢继容, 曹正林, 文龙, 王小娟, 肖尧, 杨建, 唐青松, 唐大海, 李明秋, 关旭, 曾青高, 陈伟华, 陈康, 肖红林. 四川盆地天府气田沙溪庙组大型致密砂岩气藏形成条件及勘探开发关键技术[J]. 石油学报, 2023, 44(6): 917-932.
[12]	魏迎春, 孟涛, 张劲, 王安民, 王亚东. 不同煤体结构煤储层与煤层气井产出煤粉特征的关系——以鄂尔多斯盆地东缘柳林区块为例[J]. 石油学报, 2023, 44(6): 1000-1014.
[13]	席胜利, 李明瑞, 赵伟波, 付勋勋, 祖凯, 赵小会, 刘晓鹏, 裴文超, 高星, 周国晓, 陈娟萍. 鄂尔多斯盆地横山大型气田成藏条件及勘探开发关键技术[J]. 石油学报, 2023, 44(6): 1015-1028.
[14]	余浩杰, 王振嘉, 李进步, 朱亚军. 鄂尔多斯盆地长庆气区复杂致密砂岩气藏开发关键技术进展及攻关方向[J]. 石油学报, 2023, 44(4): 698-712.
[15]	李明瑞, 侯云超, 谢先奎, 张忠义, 张晓磊, 罗丽荣, 邵晓州, 薛楠. 鄂尔多斯盆地平凉—演武地区三叠系延长组油气成藏模式及勘探前景[J]. 石油学报, 2023, 44(3): 433-446.