中非剪切带含油气盆地成因机制与构造类型

doi:10.7623/syxb201510006

石油学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (10): 1234-1247.DOI: 10.7623/syxb201510006

中非剪切带含油气盆地成因机制与构造类型

张艺琼¹, 何登发¹, 童晓光²

1. 中国地质大学能源学院北京 100083;
2. 中国石油天然气勘探开发公司北京 100011

收稿日期:2015-04-16 修回日期:2015-08-14 出版日期:2015-10-25 发布日期:2015-11-09
通讯作者: 何登发,男,1967年12月生,1989年毕业于西北大学地质学系,1995年获石油勘探开发科学研究院博士学位,现为中国地质大学(北京)教授、博士生导师,主要从事含油气盆地构造研究。Email:hedengfa282@263.net
作者简介:张艺琼,女,1990年12月生,2013年获中国地质大学(北京)资源勘查工程专业学士学位,现为中国地质大学(北京)矿产普查与勘探专业硕士研究生,主要从事石油天然气构造地质综合研究及地震解释工作。Email:cugbzyq@163.com
基金资助:
国家重大科技专项(2011ZX05028-003)资助。

Genetic mechanisms and tectonic types of petroliferous basins in the Central Africa Shear Zone

Zhang Yiqiong¹, He Dengfa¹, Tong Xiaoguang²

1. School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China;
2. China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Corporation, Beijing 100011, China

Received:2015-04-16 Revised:2015-08-14 Online:2015-10-25 Published:2015-11-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

位于非洲大陆的中非剪切带盆地群,受控于周邻板块的构造运动,盆地形态多样,多具有走滑-反转等构造样式,近年来发现了一系列大中型油气田,业已成为全球的热点勘探地区。以地震、钻井资料为基础,结合平面上的盆地形态和构造地质横剖面特征,应用构造应力场概念和构造解析方法,详细探讨了剪切带盆地的成因机制和构造类型,并进一步揭示了盆地的形成演化对油气地质条件的控制作用。研究认为,受周缘板块构造的影响,中非剪切带盆地群自早白垩世以来,发育多期叠加的构造-地层序列,经历了3幕裂谷作用:1以具右旋走滑拉张性质的第一幕最为剧烈,是盆地群的原始动力和决定性因素;2第二幕裂谷作用的影响较小,强度自东向西减弱;3裂谷期为第三幕,主要影响了东部的盆地。结合平面及剖面上的走滑应力场变化特征,将早白垩世的中非剪切带盆地群划分为3种成因类型:T-R型盆地、T-R'型盆地、S/P型盆地(其中T、R、R'、S、P分别表示张裂面、里德尔剪裂面、共轭里德尔剪裂面、挤压面及走滑低角度破裂面),整体上在剪切带上组合成为一套完整、配套齐全的走滑盆地群体系。在盆地群3幕裂谷作用中,这种成因差异性的构造演化特征,发育多种圈闭类型,油气富集特色鲜明:东部盆地是最有利的油气聚集区;西部盆地中也具有广阔的油气勘探前景;中部盆地由于控盆断裂较为复杂,其潜力有待进一步揭示。

关键词: 走滑断层, 成因机制, 构造类型, 油气聚集, 中非剪切带, 裂谷盆地

Abstract:

The basins group, located at the Central Africa Shear Zone in African continent, shows diversified morphologies as controlled by the tectonism of surrounding plates, mainly presenting the tectonic styles such as strike-slip and reverse structures, etc. In recent years, a series of large and middle oil and gas fields have been found as the global hot spots for exploration. Based on the seismic and drilling data of petroliferous basins in Central Africa Shear Zone, in combination with the characteristics of planar basin morphology and tectonic geological cross profile, the genetic mechanism and tectonic types of these basins were deeply explored using the concept of tectonic stress field and structure analytical method, so as to further reveal the controlling influence of basin formation and evolution on hydrocarbon geological conditions. It is considered in this study that affected by the structure of surrounding plates, multi-stage superimposed tectonic-stratigraphic sequences were formed in the basins group since the Early Cretaceous, experiencing three episodes of rifting. Episode 1 shows the most intense rifting with right-lateral strike-slip tensile property, and is the original motive and decisive factor for basins group; the rifting of Episode 2 had less influence with the intensity weakened from east to west. The rifting period exists in Episode 3, and mainly has influences on the development of Eastern Basins. In combination with the variation characteristics of strike-slip stress field on the plane and profile, the Early Cretaceous basins group in Central Africa Shear Zone can be divided into three genetic types: T-R type basin, T-R' type basin and S/P type basin (T, R, R', S and P represent tension fissure plane, Riedel shear fracture plane, conjugate Riedel shear fracture plane, compressive plane and low-angle strike-slip fracture plane respectively). As a result, a set of complete strike-slip basin system with comprehensive support was created in the shear zone as a whole. In the three episodes of basin rifting, multiple trap types were developed due to the tectonic evolution with genetic differences. They have distinctive hydrocarbon enrichment characteristics, i.e., Eastern Basins are the most favorable hydrocarbon accumulation zones; Western Basins also have broad hydrocarbon exploration prospects; due to complex basin-controlling faults, the potential of Central Basins remains to be discovered further.

Key words: strike-slip fault, genetic mechanism, tectonic types, hydrocarbon accumulation, the Central Africa Shear Zone basins, rifting basin

中图分类号:

TE121.1

张艺琼, 何登发, 童晓光. 中非剪切带含油气盆地成因机制与构造类型[J]. 石油学报, 2015, 36(10): 1234-1247.

Zhang Yiqiong, He Dengfa, Tong Xiaoguang. Genetic mechanisms and tectonic types of petroliferous basins in the Central Africa Shear Zone[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2015, 36(10): 1234-1247.

参考文献

[1] Burke K,Whiteman A J.Uplift,rifting and break-up of Africa[M]//Tarling D H,Runcorn S K.Implications of continental drift to the earth sciences.London:Academic Press,1973:735-755.
[2] Beloussov V V,Ruditch E M,Shapiro M N.Intercontinental structural ties and mobilistic reconstructions[J].Geologische Rundschau, 1979,68(1):393-427.
[3] Browne S E,Fairhead J D.Gravity study of the Central African Rift system:a model of continental disruption 1.the Ngaoundere and abu gabra rifts[J].Tectonophysics,1983,94(1/4):187-203.
[4] Browne S E,Fairhead J D,Mohamed I I.Gravity study of the White Nile Rift,Sudan,and its regional tectonic setting[J].Tectonophysics,1985,113(1/2):123-137.
[5] Fairhead J D,Green C M.Controls on rifting in Africa and the regional tectonic model for the Nigeria and East Niger rift basins[J].Journal of African Earth Sciences,1989,8(2/4):231-249.
[6] Jorgensen G J,Bosworth W.Gravity modeling in the central African Rift System,Sudan:rift geometries and tectonic significance[J].Journal of African Earth Sciences,1989,8(2/4):283-306.
[7] 魏永佩,刘池阳.位于巨型走滑断裂端部盆地演化的地质模型:以苏丹穆格莱德盆地为例[J].石油实验地质,2003,25(2):129-142.
Wei Yongpei,Liu Chiyang.Geological model of the Mugland basin:an identical example of basin evolution at the end of giant strike-slip faults[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2003,25(2): 129-142.
[8] Genik G J.Petroleum geology of Cretaceous-Tertiary rift basins in Niger,Chad,and Central African Republic[J].AAPG Bulletin,1993,77(8):1405-1434.
[9] 窦立荣,潘校华,田作基,等.苏丹裂谷盆地油气藏的形成与分布:兼与中国东部裂谷盆地对比分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(3):255-261.
Dou Lirong,Pan Xiaohua,Tian Zuoji,et al.Hydrocarbon formation and distribution of rift basins in Sudan:a comparative analysis of them with rift basins in East China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(3):255-261.
[10] 童晓光,窦立荣,田作基,等.苏丹穆格莱特盆地的地质模式和成藏模式[J].石油学报,2004,25(1):19-24.
Tong Xiaoguang,Dou Lirong,Tian Zuoji,et al.Geological mode and hydrocarbon accumulation mode in Muglad passive rift basin of Sudan[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2004,25(1):19-24.
[11] Schull T J.Rift basins of interior Sudan:petroleum exploration and discovery[J].AAPG Bulletin,1988,72(10):1128-1142.
[12] BP.Statistical review of world energy 2015 [DB/OL].[2015-06-30].http://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy.html.
[13] 吴珍云,尹宏伟,汪新,等.裂谷盆地盐构造形成演化及油气成藏地质意义:以苏丹红海裂谷盆地为例[J].石油学报,2014,35(5):879-889.
Wu Zhenyun,Yin Hongwei,Wang Xin,et al.Simulation of salt structure formation and evaluation of its geological significance to oil-gas accumulation:a case study of the Sudanese Red Sea rift basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(5):879-889.
[14] McHargue T R,Heidrick T L,Livingston J K.Tectonostratigraphic development of the interior Sudan rifts,Central Africa[J].Geodynamics of Rifting,1992:187-202.
[15] Genik G J.Regional framework,structural and petroleum aspects of rift basins in Niger,Chad and the Central African Republic(C.A.R.)[J].Tectonophysics,1992,213(1/2):169-185.
[16] Keller G R,Wendlandt R F,Bott M H P.Chapter 13 west and central african rift system[J].Developments in Geotectonics,2006,25:437-449.
[17] 叶先灯.苏丹Melut盆地构造、沉积和油气成藏研究[D].广州:中国科学院研究生院,2006.
Ye Xiandeng.Study on tectonics,sedimentology and reservoirs in Melut basin,Sudan[D].Guangzhou:The Graduate school of the Chinese Academy of Seienees,2006.
[18] 窦立荣,肖坤叶,胡勇,等.乍得Bongor盆地石油地质特征及成藏模式[J].石油学报,2011,32(3):379-386.
Dou Lirong,Xiao Kunye,Hu Yong,et al.Petroleum geology and a model of hydrocarbon accumulations in the Bongor Basin,the Republic of Chad[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(3):379-386.
[19] 魏永佩.苏丹穆格莱德盆地构造演化及油气赋存特点[D].西安:西北大学,1999.
Wei Yongpei.The structure evolution and petroleum significance in Muglad,Sudan[D].Xi'an:Northwest University,1999.
[20] 张亚敏.苏丹国穆格莱德盆地构造特征及演化[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2008,23(3):38-42.
Zhang Yamin.Structure characteristic and evolution in Muglad Basin of Sudan[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University:Natural Science Edition,2008,23(3):38-42.
[21] 关欣.苏丹被动裂谷盆地与渤海湾主动裂谷盆地沉积体系对比研究[D].武汉:长江大学,2012.
Guan Xin.Sedimentary System of Passive Rift Basin in Sudan and comparative study of active rift basin in Bohai Bay[D].Wuhan:Yangtze University,2012.
[22] Guiraud R,Bosworth W,Thierry J,et al.Phanerozoic geological evolution of Northern and Central Africa:an overview[J].Journal of African Earth Sciences,2005,43(1/3):83-143.
[23] Fairhead J D.Mesozoic plate tectonic reconstructions of the central south Atlantic Ocean:the role of the West and Central African rift system[J].Tectonophysics,1988,155(1/4):181-191.
[24] Fairhead J D,Green C M,Masterton S M,et al.The role that plate tectonics,inferred stress changes and stratigraphic unconformities have on the evolution of the West and Central African Rift System and the Atlantic continental margins[J].Tectonophysics,2013,594:118-127.
[25] 许长春.Bongor盆地反转构造特征及其与油气聚集关系[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2012.
Xu Changchun.The characteristics of invertion structures in Bongor Basin and its relationship with hydrocarbon accumulation[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2012.
[26] Salama R B.Rift basins of the Sudan[M]// Selley R C.African Basins-Sedimentary Basins of the World.Amsterdam:Elsevier,1997:105-149.
[27] Chatterjee S,Goswami A,Scotese C R.The longest voyage:tectonic,magmatic,and paleoclimatic evolution of the Indian plate during its northward flight from Gondwana to Asia[J].Gondwana Research,2013,23(1):238-267.
[28] 索艳慧.印度洋构造-岩浆过程:剩余地幔布格重力异常证据[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2014.
Suo Yanhui.Tectonic-magmatic processes of the Indian Ocean:evidence on the residual mantle Bouguer gravity anomaly[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2014.
[29] Royer J Y,Patriat P,Bergh H W,et al.Evolution of the Southwest Indian Ridge from the late cretaceous (anomaly 34) to the middle Eocene (anomaly 20)[J].Tectonophysics,1988,155(1/4):235-260.
[30] 李江海,王洪浩,李维波,等.显生宙全球古板块再造及构造演化[J].石油学报,2014,35(2):207-218.
Li Jianghai,Wang Honghao,Li Weibo,et al.Discussion on global tectonics evolution from plate reconstruction in Phanerozoic[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(2):207-218.
[31] 孙海涛,钟大康,张思梦.非洲东西部被动大陆边缘盆地油气分布差异[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(5):561-567.
Sun Haitao,Zhong Dakang,Zhang Simeng.Difference in hydrocarbon distribution in passive margin basins of east and west Africa[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(5):561-567.
[32] 黄宝春,陈军山,易治宇.再论印度与亚洲大陆何时何地发生初始碰撞[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(9):2045-2058.
Huang Baochun,Chen Junshan,Yi Zhiyu.Paleomagnetic diseussion of when and where India and Asia initially collided[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(9):2045-2058.
[33] Greene L C,Richards D R,Johnson R A.Crustal structure and tectonic evolution of the Anza rift,northern Kenya[J].Tectonophysics,1991,197(2/4):203-211.
[34] Corti G.Continental rift evolution:from rift initiation to incipient break-up in the Main Ethiopian Rift,East Africa[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2009,96(1/2):1-53.
[35] Chorowicz J.The East African rift system[J].Journal of African Earth Sciences,2005,43(1/3):379-410.
[36] Maurina J C,Guiraud R.Basement control in the development of the early cretaceous West and Central African rift system[J].Tectonophysics,1993,228(1/2):81-95.
[37] 艾桂梅,曾国寿.世界主要产油国系列资料:非洲地区[M].北京:中国石油天然气总公司,1996:1-14.
Ai Guimei,Zeng Guoshou.The world's leading oil producer series data:Africa[M].Beijing:CNPC,1996:1-14.
[38] 宋红日,窦立荣,肖坤叶,等.Bongor盆地油气成藏地质条件及分布规律初探[J].石油与天然气地质,2009,30(6):762-768.
Song Hongri,Dou Lirong,Xiao Kunye,et al.An exploratory research on geological conditions of hydrocarbon pooling and distribution patterns of reservoirs in the Bongor Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2009,30(6):762-768.
[39] 欧阳文生,张红胜,王彤,等.苏丹Muglad盆地大型油气藏储集特征[J].资源和产业,2006,8(2):67-70.
Ouyang Wensheng,Zhang Hongsheng,Wang Tong,et al.The characteristics of large scale oil reservoir of Muglad basin in Sudan[J].Resources & Industries,2006,8(2):67-70.
[40] Harding T P.Petroleum traps associated with wrench faults[J].AAPG Bulletin,1974,58(7):1290-1304.
[41] 宋到福,何登发.断层相的概念及应用[J].地球科学进展,2010,25(9):907-914.
Song Daofu,He Dengfa.Fault facies and their application[J].Advances in Earth Science,2010,25(9):907-914.
[42] 贾义蓉,方乐华,李碧宁,等.中非Muglad盆地1/2/4区块白垩系构造特征与油气分布[J].石油物探,2012,51(3): 296-303,212.
Jia Yirong,Fang Lehua,Li Bining,et al.Structural characteristics and hydrocarbon of cretaceous at 1/2/4 blocks in Muglad Basin,Central Africa[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum,2012,51(3):296-303,212.
[43] Dou Lirong,Cheng Dingsheng,Li Maowen,et al.Unusual high acidity oils from the Great Palogue Field,Melut Basin,Sudan[J].Organic Geochemistry,2008,39(2):210-231.
[44] 吕延仓,何碧竹,王秀林,等.中非穆格莱德盆地福拉凹陷石油地质特征及勘探前景[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,28(3):95-98.
Lv Yancang,He Bizhu,Wang Xiulin,et al.Petroleum geologic characteristics and exploration prospect of Fula sub-basin in Muglad basin[J].Petroluem Exploration and Development,2001,28(3):95-98.
[45] 范秋海,吕修祥,李伯华.走滑构造与油气成藏[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2008,30(6):76-80.
Fan Qiuhai,Lv Xiuxiang,Li Bohua.Strike-slip fault and the hydrocarbon reservoir formation[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science & Technology Edition, 2008,30(6):76-80.

中非剪切带含油气盆地成因机制与构造类型

Genetic mechanisms and tectonic types of petroliferous basins in the Central Africa Shear Zone

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	周立宏, 陈长伟, 杨飞, 李宏军, 刘国全, 崔宇, 吴雪松, 石倩茹, 徐雯婧, 董文韬. 陆相断陷盆地深凹区致密油气成藏模式与勘探实践——以渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷为例[J]. 石油学报, 2024, 45(5): 755-770.
[2]	陈利新, 贾承造, 姜振学, 苏洲, 杨美纯, 杨博, 邱晨. 塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区碳酸盐岩富油模式与主控因素[J]. 石油学报, 2023, 44(6): 948-961.
[3]	蒋华川, 张本健, 刘四兵, 王文之, 周刚, 和源, 李堃宇, 文华国. 四川盆地广安—石柱古隆起的发现及油气地质意义[J]. 石油学报, 2023, 44(2): 270-284.
[4]	路保平, 王志战, 张元春. 碳酸盐岩孔隙压力预监测理论与方法进展[J]. 石油学报, 2022, 43(4): 571-580.
[5]	支东明, 李建忠, 张伟, 王晓辉, 马强, 刘俊田, 杨帆. 准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷双吉构造带井井子沟组勘探突破及意义[J]. 石油学报, 2022, 43(10): 1383-1394.
[6]	朱明, 袁波, 梁则亮, 杨迪生, 唐雪颖. 准噶尔盆地周缘断裂属性与演化[J]. 石油学报, 2021, 42(9): 1163-1173.
[7]	田军, 杨海军, 朱永峰, 邓兴梁, 谢舟, 张银涛, 李世银, 蔡泉, 张艳秋, 黄腊梅. 塔里木盆地富满油田成藏地质条件及勘探开发关键技术[J]. 石油学报, 2021, 42(8): 971-985.
[8]	蔡少武, 吕丁友, 贺电波, 张京思, 于娅. 渤海湾盆地秦南凹陷构造迁移特征及其对油气聚集的影响[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(S2): 67-78.
[9]	黄雷, 刘池洋. 张扭断裂带内复合花状构造的成因与意义[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(12): 1460-1469.
[10]	曹正林, 孙秀建, 吴武军, 田光荣, 张世铭, 李海滨, 孙知明, 徐丽, 王瑞菊. 柴达木盆地盆缘冲断古隆起的形成演化及对油气成藏的影响[J]. 石油学报, 2018, 39(9): 980-989.
[11]	何登发, 邵东波, 崔永平, 包洪平, 开百泽, 傅定伍, 曹毓戈. 鄂尔多斯盆地西缘马家滩古隆起的厘定、成因及地质意义[J]. 石油学报, 2018, 39(6): 609-619.
[12]	周立宏, 汤戈, 苏俊青, 孙志华, 史卜庆, 钱茂路, 陈长伟, 楼达. 西非Termit叠合裂谷盆地构造沉积演化及控藏机理[J]. 石油学报, 2018, 39(2): 129-140.
[13]	王祥, 能源, 程晓敢, 王斌, 吕惠贤, 李向云, 屈洋, 付小涛. 塔里木盆地麦盖提斜坡及周缘下古生界断-盖组合及其控油气作用[J]. 石油学报, 2017, 38(3): 267-273,323.
[14]	胡志伟, 徐长贵, 杨波, 黄志, 宿雯. 渤海海域蓬莱9-1油田花岗岩潜山储层成因机制及石油地质意义[J]. 石油学报, 2017, 38(3): 274-285.
[15]	高志勇, 周川闽, 冯佳睿, 吴昊, 李雯. 库车坳陷白垩系巴什基奇克组泥砾的成因机制与厚层状砂体展布[J]. 石油学报, 2016, 37(8): 996-1010.